Lubricant, slow speed, high load

ABSTRACT

A heavy duty lubricating composition for lubricating metal rubbing surfaces, such as journal bearings in rock bits, is provided that forms a solid as a result of increased temperature at the areas of highest shear rate or highest loading in the bearing. The solid reverts to its original state within the carrier fluid when passing into areas of lower temperature. The composition comprises a substantially uniform dispersion within a carrier fluid of a solid additive having decreasing solubility/dispersibility in the carrier fluid as temperature increases, an additive capable of forming with the carrier fluid viscous lubricating solutions in water, and an extreme pressure agent having a high temperature of activation with the bearing materials.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to new lubricating compositions embodying a new mechanism of lubrication; and, more particularly, to lubricating compositions for slow speed and highly loaded bearings, such as for the highly loaded journal bearings in bits used to drill earth formations.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Lubricating a drill bit drilling in subterranean earth formations is one of the most severe and demanding set of conditions ever posed for a lubricant. The drilling takes place in an abrasive environment of mud and rock particles deep below the earth's surface. The bit is subjected to generally slow speeds and extremely high loads, sufficient to overcome the compressive strength of the rock formations in order to drill the formations. The bit most often experiences great fluctuations in load and speed as it vibrates and bounces while drilling the formation. The bearings in the bit thus are subjected to very high unit loads resulting from the loads necessary to crush the rock formation and extremely high shock loads resulting from vibration and bouncing of the drill bit. All of the horsepower delivered to the bit cutting surfaces must be delivered through the bit bearings. Thus, it can be seen that the lubricant used to lubricate the bit bearings must be capable of minimizing or preventing scoring, galling, and wear of the bearing surfaces subjected to such extreme operating conditions.

Rock bits have generally been lubricated with greases. Greases, commonly, are made by thickening an oil, generally, with a metal salt of a fatty acid, known in the art as a soap. The finished grease may also include extreme pressure additives such as lead dithiocarbamate or organic lead-sulfur compounds, anti-wear additives such as zinc dithiophosphate or antimony phosphorodithioate, anti-oxidation additives such as diphenylamine or phenothiazine, tackiness agents such as polybutene polymers or acrylate polymers, viscosity improvers such as isobytylene polymers or acrylate copolymers, and dyes. In addition, the grease may contain solid materials or fillers such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide, metal oxides, or powdered metals for improved load carrying ability by forming a solid layer interposed between the bearing surfaces.

Surface speeds in rock bit bearings are generally so slow that fluid film or hydrodynamic lubrication cannot be continuously maintained, resulting in the bearings operating in a starved-film or boundary mode of lubrication.

Lubricants using commonly available extreme pressure and anti-wear additives have yielded only slight improvements in bit bearing performance over the greases used in rock bits. That the conventional extreme pressure agents have yielded only incremental improvements in bearing performance has been attributed to the extremely severe combination of slow speeds and high unit loading commonly encountered in rock bit bearings and a very small supply of lubricant.

Subsequently, lubricants were developed utilizing increased quantities of solids or fillers in the greases. The solid was generally molybdenum disulfide. The function of the filler was to maintain a physical separation of the bearing surfaces by a low shear material. For hydrodynamic or elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication, most lubricants contain 2-5% solids, such as molybdenum disulfide. However, for successful rock bit lubrication, grease lubricants contain 10-60% solids, mainly molybdenum disulfide.

One such lubricant for a journal bearing is that described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,935,114 and generally comprises a calcium acetate complex grease with molybdenum disulfide and metallic oxides. Another such lubricant that was previously used for journal bearing rock bits included 85% of a lithium-12 hydroxystearate chassis grease and 5% by weight each of silver powder, copper powder, and graphite.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The primary object of this invention is to provide a lubricant that forms a solid as a result of increased temperature at the areas of highest shear rate or highest loading in the bearing and then upon unloading and decreased temperatures the solid reverts to its original state within the carrier fluid when passing into areas of lower shear rate. This is achieved by use of materials that are dilatant and/or inversely soluble in the bulk oil of the lubricant. A particular object of this invention is to provide a lubricating composition for lubricating slow-speed highly-loaded bearings. An important object of this invention is to provide a lubricating composition for the journal bearings or rock bits. The composition is also effective in other low speed heavy load situations as in metal forming by plastic deformation.

In accordance with this invention, the lubricating composition comprises a substantially uniform dispersion which includes a carrier fluid, a solid additive having decreasing solubility in the carrier fluid as temperature increases, an additive capable of forming with the carrier fluid viscous lubricating solutions in water, and an extreme pressure agent having a high temperature of activation with the bearing materials.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention includes a lubricating oil having a viscosity of 150-1000 SUS at 210 degrees F as the carrier fluid, 3-35% by weight of total composition of calcium lignosulfonate as the solid additive, 1-20% by weight of total composition of sodium fluoantimonite as the extreme pressure additive, 0.5-10% by weight of total composition of a nonionic homopolymer of ethylene oxide having a molecular weight of about 4,000,000 for the maintenance of lubricity in the presence of water, and maximum total solid content of about 65% by weight of total composition.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PEFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The lubricant of this invention is prepared by dispersing substantially uniformly in a base carrier fluid effective and synergistic amounts of an additive having decreasing solubility in the base fluid as temperature increases, an additive which forms viscous lubricating solutions in water, and an extreme pressure additive having a high activation temperature. The object of the invention is achieved by use of an additive combination such that a solid is formed at the areas of elevated temperature from increased shear rate between metal rubbing surfaces. The additive becomes re-dissolved/re-dispersed in the carrier fluid as the temperature decreases. The additive is chosen such that it is inversely soluble/dispersable in the base fluid with respect to temperature, i.e. as the temperature of the lubricant increases, increasing amounts of solid are precipitated or agglomerated from the carrier fluid.

Thus, as the temperature increases in the loaded area of a bearing where shear rates are highest, the additive precipitates out of solution or agglomerates together to form a solid layer at these areas of elevated temperature in the bearing, thereby forming a physical barrier to prevent contact of, and damage to, the metal bearing surfaces. Additionally, the lubricant of the invention utilizes an additive which serves as an extreme pressure agent. This additive has a relatively high temperature of activation to react with the bearing metals and form surface films to prevent damage of the metal bearing surfaces from metal to metal contact. The incorporation of this additive permits the bearing to operate at very high unit loads, especially when in conjunction with the aforementioned additive. A third additive is preferably incorporated which serves to maintain lubricity if water contaminates the lubricant in a rock bit during its use in a downhole environment if a seal should leak.

A first series of lubricants was prepared based on the following composition:

(a) a base carrier fluid of lubricating oil

(b) a metal lignosulfonate as the solid additive

(c) an alkali metal fluoantimonite as the extreme pressure additive, and

(d) a nonionic homopolymer of ethylene oxide for increased water tolerance.

The carrier fluid is a hydrocarbon oil prepared from high viscosity index base stocks and contains no lead. It is a tenacious, high viscosity, extreme pressure oil. It is extremely adhesive and tenacious making it suitable for lubrication of gears or other equipment in a wet environment. Its viscosity at 100 degrees F is 43,000 SUS and at 210 degrees F is 666 SUS. Such an oil is commercially available as Chevron Mill Lube Heavy.

The solid additive is a metal lignosulfonate. Initially it was felt that the metal lignosulfonate would form viscous solutions in water that would have some lubricity. Thus, including a metal lignosulfonate in the formula would allow the maintenance of lubricity in the presence of water. However, upon experimentation, other properties of this additive were realized. It was found that the material provides superior lubricating performance over molybdenum disulfide, in four ball EP testing, in several experimental formulae. It was subsequently determined that the metal lignosulfonate has some solubility or disperability in cold oil but the solubility or dispersability decreases as temperature increases such that it precipitates out or agglomerates at the elevated temperatures (i.e. a threshold temperature in the range of 150-350 degrees F dependent on the carrier fluid). Thus, as the lubricant in the bearing enters the area of high shear rate the temperature increases and some portion of the metal lignosulfonate will precipitate out or coagulate as a solid, forming a solid physical barrier between the parts of the bearing. Such a physical barrier greatly reduces or prevents the metal to metal contact at the bearing surface asperities which approach most closely under heavy bearing loads. Upon passing through an area of high shear rate, the lubricant cools below the threshold temperature and the metal lignosulfonate will then re-dissolve or re-disperse in the oil. The metal lignosulfonate of the preferred formulation was available from Magcobar Division of Dresser Industries, Inc. under the trade name of Magcopel.

The extreme pressure additive of an alkali metal fluoantimonite was preferably sodium fluoantimonite (NaSbF₄) available from Harshaw Chemical Company. It has a high activation temperature, i.e. about 600 degrees F, and permits very high unit pressures, especially in small contact areas. Sodium fluoantimonite, included in the lubricant, gives extremely high non-welding loads on the 4 ball EP testing machine. Passing loads of 2400-2600 kg are common with the highest passing load at 3115 kg. Sodium fluoantimonite is useful in new plain bearings where the mating surfaces are not conditioned, thus "break-in" time is greatly reduced.

The nonionic homopolymer of ethylene oxide used as a water tolerance additive is available from Union Carbide as Polyox WSR-301. Polyox WSR-301 forms viscous solutions in water and such solutions display dilatant properties. Polyox WSR-301 serves to maintain lubricity if water contaminates the lubricant.

This first series of lubricants resulted in two preferred formulations:

    ______________________________________                                                         Formula A                                                                              Formula B                                              ______________________________________                                         Chevron Mill Lube Heavy                                                                          76.0%     75.0%                                              Calcium Lignosulfonate                                                                           10.1%     10.0%                                              Sodium Fluoantimonite                                                                            10.1%     10.0%                                              Polyox WSR-301     3.8%     4.0%                                               Armid C (a fatty amide                                                                           --        1.0%                                               with properties as                                                             discussed subsequently)                                                        ______________________________________                                    

Formula A is thick and viscous, but over a period of time, some settling of the solids in the carrier fluid may take place. The Armid C in formula B serves to increase the yield value (i.e. initial resistance to flow) and the settling of solids is greatly retarded. Although the above formulations were preferred, it is felt that acceptable performance of the lubricant is obtained wherein the minimum and maximum amounts of materials are in the range of:

3.0 to 35% for calcium lignosulfonate;

0 to 20% for sodium fluoantimonite;

0 to 10% for WSR-301; and

the balance is oil.

It is also felt that the maximum limit of total solids in the lubricant should not exceed about 65%.

Armid C is a fatty amide available from the Chemicals Division of the Armak Company with the following properties.

    ______________________________________                                         AVERAGE                    Carbon                                              COMPOSITION                Chain                                               (%)        Amide           Length  ARMID C                                     ______________________________________                                         SPECIFI-   Octanamide       8      8                                           CATIONS    Decanamide      10      7                                                      Dodecanamide    12      49                                                     Tetradecanamide 14      17                                                     Pentadecanamide 15                                                             Hexadecanamide  16      9                                                      Heptadecanamide 17                                                             Octadecanamide  18      2                                                      9-Octadecenamide                                                                               18      6                                                      9-12 Octadecadienamide                                                                         18      2                                                      Others                                                                         Amide %         min     90                                                                     max                                                            Iodine value    min                                                                            max     10                                                     Free fatty acid %                                                                              min                                                                            max     4                                                      Melting point °C.                                                                       min     85                                                                     max                                                            Color gardner   min                                                                            max     10                                                     Moisture %      min                                                                            max     0.5                                         TYPICAL    Flash point °C., Approx.                                                                        1/4                                         PROPERTIES Fire point °C., Approx.                                                                         185                                                    Form                    flake                                       ______________________________________                                    

Formula A may be prepared by simply mixing the components. No heat is necessary. Formula B must be heated to 175 degrees F to melt the Armid C, with stirring until the temperature decreases to 125 degrees F. Four ball EP test data are shown below:

    ______________________________________                                                                    PASS    WEAR                                                       WELD POINT  LOAD    SCAR                                        MATERIAL       kg          kg      mm                                          ______________________________________                                         Formula A      1000+       1000    2.4                                         Formula B      1000+       1000    2.3                                         Chevron Mill Lube Heavy                                                                        400         315    2.5                                         ______________________________________                                    

The four ball EP test data was acquired using ASTM test procedure D-2783-71 (See ASTM Standards, Part 24).

The next series of lubricants were prepared with other metal lignosulfonates. These metal lignosulfonates were prepared as follows:

a. Treating calcium lignosulfonate solution with sulfuric acid thus forming lignosulfonic acid and calcium sulfate.

b. Allowing the precipitate of calcium sulfate to settle.

c. Separating the lignosulfonic acid solution from the calcium sulfate.

d. Reacting the lignosulfonic acid solution with the desired metal hydroxide or oxide.

e. Evaporating the metal lignosulfonate to dryness at 250-275 degrees F.

f. Grinding the product to a fine powder.

The prepared lignosulfonates were evaluated in two ways, in the four ball EP test machine.

a. As an additive, at 10%, in a lithium 12-hydroxystreate grease (Shell Alvania #2 available from Shell Oil Company)

b. As a replacement for Magcopel (calcium lignosulfonate) in formula A at a 10.1% level.

    ______________________________________                                         Lignosulfonates, at 10% in Shell Alvania #2,                                          C    D      E      F    G    H    I    J                                ______________________________________                                         Shell    90.0   90.0   90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0                           Alvania #2                                                                     Sodium   10.0                                                                  Aluminum        10.0                                                           Titanium               10.0                                                    Antimony                    10.0                                               Silver                           10.0                                          Copper                                10.0                                     Cobalt                                     10.0                                Nickel                                          10.0                           ______________________________________                                    

Test results of the above metal lignosulfonates when added to a lithium 12-hydroxysterate grease (Shell Alvania #2):

    __________________________________________________________________________                                   Shell                                                                          Alvania                                          C        D  E  F  G  H  I  J  #2                                               __________________________________________________________________________     Avg. weld                                                                            250                                                                               400                                                                               400                                                                               400                                                                               500                                                                               500                                                                               400                                                                               315                                                                               160                                              point (kg)                                                                     Avg. hi                                                                              200                                                                               315                                                                               315                                                                               315                                                                               400                                                                               400                                                                               315                                                                               250                                                                               126                                              load (kg)                                                                      Avg. scar                                                                            1.35                                                                              2.2                                                                               1.8                                                                               2.55                                                                              2.25                                                                              2.6                                                                               1.95                                                                              2.25                                                                              2.6                                              (mm)                                                                           __________________________________________________________________________

Other metal lignosulfonates, in place of calcium lignosulfonate, in formula A.

    __________________________________________________________________________             &                                                                              K   L   M   N   P   Q   R   T                                          __________________________________________________________________________     Mill lube                                                                              76.0                                                                               76.0                                                                               76.0                                                                               76.0                                                                               76.0                                                                               76.0                                                                               76.0                                                                               76.0                                       Heavy                                                                          (NaSbF.sub.4)                                                                          10.1                                                                               10.1                                                                               10.1                                                                               10.1                                                                               10.1                                                                               10.1                                                                               10.1                                                                               10.1                                       MAGCOPEL                                                                               --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --                                         Polyox   3.8                                                                                3.8                                                                                3.8                                                                                3.8                                                                                3.8                                                                                3.8                                                                                3.8                                                                                3.8                                       WSR-301                                                                        Aluminum L                                                                             10.1                                                                   Titanium L  10.1                                                               Antimony L      10.1                                                           Silver L            10.1                                                       Copper L                10.1                                                   Cobalt L                    10.1                                               Nickel L                        10.1                                           Sodium L                            10.1                                       Test results:                                                                  Avg. weld                                                                              1000+                                                                              1000+                                                                              1000+                                                                              1000+                                                                              1000+                                                                              1000+                                                                              1000+                                                                              1000+                                      point (kg)                                                                     Avg. hi 1000                                                                               1000                                                                               1000                                                                               1000                                                                               1000                                                                               1000                                                                               1000                                                                               1000                                       load (kg)                                                                      Avg. scar                                                                               2.2                                                                                2.15                                                                               2.15                                                                               2.35                                                                               2.4                                                                                2.5                                                                                2.5                                                                                2.45                                      (mm)                                                                           __________________________________________________________________________

The next series of lubricants were formulated by changing the carrier fluid used in formulation A. In this series the Magcopel is 10.1%, the NaSbF₄ is 10.1%, and the Polyox WSR-301 is 3.8%. The carrier fluids are used at 76.0%. The fluids tested are as follows:

    ______________________________________                                         Carrier Fluid Commercial Designation                                                                         Manufacturer                                     ______________________________________                                         Mineral Oil   Mill Lube Heavy Chevron                                          Polyalphaolefin                                                                              PAO-40C         Uniroyal                                         Polyalphaolefin                                                                              PAO-60C         Uniroyal                                         Napthenic Mineral Oil                                                                        WF-240          Calumet                                          Napthenic Mineral Oil                                                                        Circosol 5600   Sun Oil Co.                                      Synthetic Hydrocarbon                                                                        SHC-634         Mobil Oil                                                                      Co.                                              Aromatic Synthetic Oil                                                                       Alkylate N-600  Conoco                                           Aromatic Synthetic Oil                                                                       Alkylate DN-600 Conoco                                           Diester Oil   Ortholeum 5000  Dupont                                           ______________________________________                                    

Since the concentration of Magcopel, NaSbF₄, and Polyox are held constant in this series, the results listed in the following table are listed by the oil used.

    ______________________________________                                         Oil        Weld Point (kg)                                                                             Hi-load (kg)                                                                              Scar (mm)                                   ______________________________________                                         Mill Lube Hvy.                                                                            1000+        1000       2.4                                         PAO-40C    1000+        1000       2.9                                         PAO-60C    1000+        1000       2.2                                         WF-240     1000+        1000       2.1                                         Circosol 5600                                                                             1000+        1000       2.3                                         SHC-634    1000+        1000       2.4                                         Alkylate N-600                                                                            1000          800       2.7                                         Alkylate DN-600                                                                           1000+        1000       2.4                                         Ortholeum 5000                                                                            1000+        1000       1.9                                         ______________________________________                                    

The above data indicates excellent four ball performances in all of the oils tried. For comparison the four ball performances of the neat oils are shown in the table that follows:

    ______________________________________                                         Oil        Weld Point (kg)                                                                             Hi-load (kg)                                                                              Scar (mm)                                   ______________________________________                                         Mill Lube Hvy                                                                             400          315        2.5                                         PAO-40C    100          80         3.1                                         PAO-60C    126          100        3.1                                         WF-240     126          100        2.9                                         Circosol 5600                                                                             100          80         2.7                                         SHC-634    100          80         3.1                                         Alkylate N-600                                                                            126          100        1.9                                         Alkylate DN-600                                                                           100          80         3.0                                         Ortholeum 5000                                                                            100          80         2.5                                         ______________________________________                                    

The following table illustrates the performance of the Magcopel, NaSbF₄, Polyox additive package at differing concentration levels in the Ortholeum 5000 (a diester oil by Dupont):

    ______________________________________                                                          Polyox   Weld Point                                                                             Hi-load                                                                              Scar                                   Magcopel                                                                               NaSbF.sub.4                                                                             WSR-301  (kg)    (kg)  (mm)                                   ______________________________________                                         10.1%   10.1%    3.8%     1000+   1000  1.9                                    5.05%   5.05%    1.9%     1000+   1000  2.1                                    2.5%    2.5%     0.95%    1000+   1000  2.2                                    ______________________________________                                    

Although the four ball performance is decreasing as the package level decreases, as indicated by the scar values, the performances are still very high.

The four ball performances of the Magcopel, NaSbF₄, Polyox package in the hydrocarbon oil, Chevron Mill Lube Heavy, are very high; but, nevertheless, they are concentration dependent. The table below shows the four ball performances versus concentration:

    ______________________________________                                         Component     %                                                                ______________________________________                                         Mill Lube Heavy                                                                             76.0    82.0      88.0  94.0                                      Magcopel     10.0    7.5       5.0   2.5                                       NaSbF.sub.4  10.0    7.5       5.0   2.5                                       Polyox WSR-301                                                                               4.0    3.0       2.0   1.0                                       Weld Point (kg)                                                                             1000+   1000+     1000+ 1000+                                     Hi-load (kg) 1000    1000      1000  1000                                      Scar (mm)     2.3    2.4       2.5   2.6                                       ______________________________________                                    

The following table illustrates the performance of the Magcopel, NaSbF₄, Polyox additive package when added to water as the carrier fluid:

    ______________________________________                                                   %                                                                    ______________________________________                                         Water      100    90.0   90.0 90.0 90.0 95.0 80.0                              Magcopel   --     5.0    --   5.0  --   --   5.0                               Polyox     --     5.0    5.0  --   10.0 5.0  5.0                               NaSbF.sub.4                                                                               --     --     5.0  --   --   --   10.0                              Weld Point (kg)                                                                           100    250    620  400  160  160  1000                              Hi-load (kg)                                                                               80    200    500  315  126  126   800                              Scar (mm)  2.2    1.6    1.4  1.2   2.0 2.0  2.0                               ______________________________________                                    

The following lubricant formulations were prepared and tested to evaluate the performance of potassium fluoantimonite, KSb₂ F₇, and potassium fluoantimonate, KSbF₄, both commercially available from Harshaw Chemical Co., in place of the sodium fluoantimonite in formula A.

    ______________________________________                                         Component            %                                                         ______________________________________                                         Chevron Mill Lube Heavy                                                                            76      76                                                 Potassium fluoantimonite                                                                           10.1    --                                                 Potassium fluoantimonite                                                                           --      10.1                                               Magcopel            10.1    10.1                                               Polyox WSR-301       3.8     3.8                                               Weld Point (kg)     1000+   1000+                                              High-Load (kg)      1000    1000                                               Scar (mm)            2.4     2.75                                              ______________________________________                                    

The next series of lubricants were formulated using calcium dodecanedioate, [CaOOC(CH₂)₁₀ COO]_(n). Calcium dodecandioate, up to at least 20% concentration, will dissolve or disperse readily in mineral oils. When dissolved or dispersed in Circosol 5600 the calcium dodecanedioate will begin to precipitate (or coagulate) as a solid at temperatures of about 325 degrees F. Further temperature increases will cause more calcium dodecanedioate to precipitate out. Upon cooling the calcium dodecandioate will re-dissolve (or re-disperse).

The calcium dodecanedioate is prepared in situ in the carrier fluid by mixing together the necessary portions of Dodecanedioic acid and Calcium hydroxide in the carrier fluid. The mixture is stirred while heating. The heat is gradually increased to about 250 degrees F maximum until foaming ceases. The heating is then discontinued but the mixture is stirred until the temperature decreases to about 150 degrees F. This procedure reacts the calcium hydroxide and dodecanedioic acid to form calcium dodecanedioate and water, which is driven off during the heating cycle. The Dodecanedioic acid was obtained from the Petrochemicals Department Intermediates Division of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.). The Dodecanedioic acid has the following specifications:

    ______________________________________                                         SPECIFICATIONS                                                                 1, 12-Dodecanedioic Acid                                                                           98.0 Wt. % Maximum                                         Water                0.5 Wt. % Maximum                                         Ash                 20 ppm Maximum                                             GENERAL INFORMATION                                                            Monobasic Acid       0.1 Wt. % Maximum                                         Iron                2 ppm Maximum                                              Melting Point       130 ± 1 degree C.                                       Specific Gravity    1.15                                                       (25 degrees C.)                                                                Solubility in Water  0.1 Wt. %                                                 (80 degrees C.)                                                                Color (APHA) - Two Grams                                                                           10                                                         in 50 ml. Methanol                                                             ______________________________________                                    

The following table gives the necessary percentages of each of the ingredients to result in the indicated levels of the calcium dodecanedioate soap:

    ______________________________________                                         Ingredient                                                                               20% Soap  10% Soap  5% Soap                                                                               2.5% Soap                                 ______________________________________                                         Oil       77.9%     88.9%     94.4%  97.2%                                     Dodecanedioic                                                                            16.7%     8.4%      4.2%   2.1%                                      Acid                                                                           Calcium   5.4%      2.7%      1.4%   0.7%                                      Hydroxide                                                                      ______________________________________                                    

The following data demonstrates that calcium dodecanedioate can function as a solid additive in a variety of oils. Since the calcium dodecandioate level, at 5%, is constant, the four ball performances are listed by the oil. The results are shown in the table below:

    ______________________________________                                         OIL         WP (kg)  HI LOAD (kg)                                                                               SCAR (mm)                                     ______________________________________                                         PAO-40C     500      400         1.5                                           PAO-60C     400      315         2.1                                           WF-240      800      620         1.8                                           SHC-634     500      400         2.1                                           Alkylate N-600                                                                             400      315         1.9                                           Alkylate DN-600                                                                            315      250         1.9                                           Mill Lube Hvy.                                                                             800      620         1.9                                           ______________________________________                                    

The above data indicate that calcium dodecanedioate will significantly increase the four ball performances of the oils used.

The four ball performance of calcium dodecanedioate in Circosol 5600 is, to a large measure, dependent upon the quantity used. The table below shows the effect of four ball performance versus calcium dodecanedioate level. Since the same materials are used but the percentages are different the four ball performances are listed by the calcium dodecanedioate concentration:

    ______________________________________                                         Calcium Dodecanedioate                                                                        WP (kg)  Hi Load (kg)                                                                              Scar (mm)                                   ______________________________________                                         30%            500      400        1.4                                         20%            620      500        1.1                                         15%            800      620        1.3                                         10%            800      620        1.4                                          5%            800      620        1.5                                          3%            500      400        2.2                                          2%            315      250        2.9                                          1%            200      160        2.8                                         ______________________________________                                    

The above data indicated that 5-15% level of calcium dodecanedioate is optimum. Four ball performance decreases at concentration levels of 20-30% and also decreases at levels of less than 5%. At concentration levels of less than 5%, solubility limits cannot be as effectively exceeded and so four ball performance decreases. At the 30% level, the solids content is excessive.

Calcium dodecanedioate will improve the four ball performance of water. The table below compares the four ball performance of water and a mixture of 20% calcium dodecanedioate and 80% water.

    ______________________________________                                                Water 20% Calcium dodecanedioate, 80% Water                             ______________________________________                                         WP (kg)  100     620                                                           Hi Load (kg)                                                                             80     500                                                           Scar (mm)                                                                               2.2     1.4                                                           ______________________________________                                    

Thus, it is seen that calcium dodecanedioate will function as a lubricant or a physical barrier between metal rubbing surfaces even in the presence of water. 

I claim:
 1. A heavy duty lubricating composition comprising a solution or mixture including:a carrier fluid; a metal lignosulfonate dissolved or dispersed therein; an alkali metal fluoantimonite; and, a nonionic homopolymer of ethylene oxide having a molecular weight of 400,000 to 5,000,000.
 2. A heavy duty lubricating composition comprising a solution or a substantially uniform dispersion including:a hydrocarbon lubricating oil as a carrier fluid; a metal lignosulfonate; an alkali metal fluoantimonite; and, a nonionic homopolymer of ethylene oxide having a molecular weight of 400,000 to 5,000,000.
 3. A heavy duty lubricating composition comprising a solution or a substantially uniform dispersion including:a hydrocarbon lubricating oil; a metal lignosulfonate, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, zinc, tin, lead, iron, beryllium, magnesium, sodium, aluminum, titanium, antimony, silver, copper, cobalt, and nickel; an alkali metal fluoantimonite, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium; and, a nonionic homopolymer of ethylene oxide having its molecular weight in the range from 400,000 to 5,000,000.
 4. The lubricating composition of claim 3 wherein:the metal lignosulfonate is calcium lignosulfonate; and, the alkali metal fluoantimonite is sodium fluoantimonite.
 5. The lubricating composition of claim 4 wherein the calcium lignosulfonate is present in an amount of 3-35 percent by weight of total composition.
 6. The lubricating composition of claim 4 wherein the sodium fluoantimonite is present in an amount of 1-20 percent by weight of total composition.
 7. The lubricating composition of claim 4 wherein the nonionic homopolymer of ethylene oxide is present in an amount of 0.5-10 percent by weight of total composition and has a molecular weight of about 4,000,000.
 8. The lubricating composition of claim 4 wherein the oil has a viscosity of 150-1000 SUS at 210 degrees F.
 9. The lubricating composition of claim 4 wherein:the oil has a viscosity of 150-1000 SUS at 210 degrees F; the calcium lignosulfonate is present in an amount of 3-35 percent by weight of total composition; the sodium fluoantimonite is present in an amount of 1-20 percent by weight of total composition; the nonionic homopolymer of ethylene oxide is present in an amount of 0.5-10 percent by weight of total composition and has a molecular weight of about 4,000,000; and, the maximum total solids is about 65 percent by weight of total composition.
 10. The lubricating composition of claim 4 wherein:the oil has a viscosity of about 666 SUS at 210 degrees F; the calcium lignosulfonate is present in the amount of about 10.1 percent by weight of total composition; the sodium fluoantimonite is present in the amount of about 10.1 percent by weight of total composition; and the nonionic homopolymer of ethylene oxide is present in the amount of about 3.8 percent by weight of total composition.
 11. A heavy duty lubricating composition comprising a substantially uniform dispersion including:a hydrocarbon lubricating oil; a metal lignosulfonate, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, zinc, tin, lead, iron, beryllium, magnesium, sodium, aluminum, titanium, antimony, silver, copper, cobalt, and nickel; an alkali metal fluoantimonite, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium; a nonionic homopolymer of ethylene oxide having its molecular weight from 400,000 to 5,000,000; and, a fatty amide having from 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
 12. The lubricating composition of claim 11 wherein:the metal lignosulfonate is calcium lignosulfonate; and, the alkali metal fluoantimonite is sodium fluoantimonite.
 13. The lubricating composition of claim 12 wherein the calcium lignosulfonate is present in an amount of 3-35 percent by weight of total composition.
 14. The lubricating composition of claim 12 wherein the sodium fluoantimonite is present in an amount of 1-20 percent by weight of total composition.
 15. The lubricating composition of claim 12 wherein the nonionic homopolymer of ethylene oxide is present in an amount of 0.5-10 percent by weight of total composition and has a molecular weight of about 4,000,000.
 16. The lubricating composition of claim 12 wherein the oil has a viscosity of 150-1000 SUS at 210 degrees F.
 17. The lubricating composition of claim 12 wherein the fatty amide is present in an amount of 0.5-5 percent by weight of total composition.
 18. The lubricating composition of claim 12 wherein:the calcium lignosulfonate is present in an amount of 3-35 percent by weight of total composition; the sodium fluoantimonite is present in an amount of 1-20 percent by weight of total composition; the nonionic homopolymer of ethylene oxide is present in an amount of 0.5-10 percent by weight of total composition and has a molecular weight of about 4,000,000; the oil has a viscosity of 150-1000 SUS at 210 degrees F; the fatty amide is present in an amount of 0.5-5 percent by weight of total composition; and, the maximum total solids is about 65 percent by weight of total composition.
 19. The lubricating composition of claim 12 wherein:the oil has a viscosity of about 666 SUS at 210 degrees F; the calcium lignosulfonate is present in the amount of about 10 percent by weight of total composition; the sodium fluoantimonite is present in the amount of about 10 percent by weight of total composition; the nonionic homopolymer of ethylene oxide is present in the amount of about 4.0 percent by weight of total composition; and, the fatty amide is present in an amount of about 1 percent by weight of total composition. 